If you have a lot of storage space, your attic and garage may be stuffed with old furniture, books, and other items you’ve held onto over the years. At first glance, it may just seem like nothing more than a pile of junk. But, if you rummage through carefully, there may be a chance that you’re sitting on a few valuable collectibles just waiting to make you money.
Collectibles are items that are worth far more than their original sale price and are considered alternative investments—vehicles that don’t fall into any other category like stocks, bonds, cash, or real estate. Investing in this asset class can be both rewarding and help you maximize your returns. But it helps to know some of the basics. This article looks at collectibles as an investment and helps you decide whether this emotional market is a good place to park your money.
All Things Old Made New Again
A collectible is anything that can be sold for more money than it was originally worth. These are items whose value increases over time. While they may be rare, some items are mass-produced to become collectibles—think Beanie Babies when they first hit the market. Another trait collectibles have is that they pique the interest of collectors, like photographs and many works of art. In order to get the most money from a collectible, the owner must ensure it’s in stellar condition. Trading cards, stamps, and comic books are just some of the most well-known collectibles around. Here are a few specific examples:
140,000,000 B.C.
A young Allosaurus dinosaur found itself mired in a sink hidden beneath the underbrush. Millions of geological ages later, an amateur paleontologist helped him out—or at least what was left of his head. In 2005, the Allosaurus’ restored skull sold for the price of $600.
1908
Honus Wagner of the Pittsburgh Pirates hit his tenth home run and ended the year with a .354 batting averagemarking one of the best years of his career. The next year, the American Tobacco Company commemorated Wagner by putting a trading card inside its cigarette packages. Less than 60 made it into stores before the world found out that Honus was vehemently against smoking. In 2000, Wagner’s cigarette trading card sold on eBay for $1.1 million.
1962
Stan Lee created a superhero who worried about paying his rent, his ailing aunt, and passing his next test at school—all in addition to saving the world. Peter Parker’s misadventure with a radioactive spider hit the stands with a $0.12 cover price. In 2006, the first edition of The Amazing Spider-Man was among the most valuable comics with a price of around $6,000 or more, according to Wizard: The Guide To Comics pricing guide.
While there is no denying the thrill of owning a juvenile Allosaurus skull, is collecting really a form of investment?
All That Glitters…
So what do a fossil, a comic, and a baseball card have in common? Most people have no qualms about calling them collectibles. But when you speak about diamonds, gold, and other precious materials, people tend to call them investments. In theory, these materials—and even stocks—could be termed collectibles because their price is based more on what people are willing to pay for them, known as their market valuerather than on their actual intrinsic value. This is the calculated or perceived value of the good. In the practical world, precious metals and stocks all have an intrinsic value.
For metals, this value is based on rarity. If you melt it, burn it, or bend it, you still have the same atomic substance in the end. For stocks, the value is produced by the underlying brick-and-mortar company that the share represents—a company that generates earnings to justify the prices you pay for its stock.
What makes collectibles different is that even a little damage can erase all of a collectible’s value. This is because a collectible’s value is based on nostalgia and other emotional factors—which can be as erratic as they are powerful. Collectibles that are in pristine condition are valued higher than those that aren’t. So the value of a baseball card that’s scratched or torn up is much lower than one that is still in its original condition.
The 20-Year Itch
It’s believed that nostalgia runs in 20-year cycles. In other words, the things that are popular now will become collectibles in 20 years when people want to reconnect with their past. This doesn’t mean that you can buy the top 10 items from consumer polls, incubate them for 20 years, then sell them for a fortune. If this were the case, everyone would be rich. So what’s the takeaway? Some items this year will become collectibles if they meet two conditions: Rarity and appeal.
Rarity is becoming more difficult to find as mass production methods allow companies to (over)fill demand without incurring an extra cost. Beanie Babies have devalued as more and more product lines are introduced. It is profitable for a company to sell as many products as it takes to satiate demand—and that mentality destroys a future collector’s profits.
Appeal is also a difficult thing to nail down. To make money at collecting, you have to predict what will become popular in retrospect—perhaps something that isn’t in high demand now will become popular in the future, either because they are rare or they were not fully appreciated when they first came to market. For example, in the 1950s and 1960s, wing-tipped plastic sunglasses with glass lenses were sold for a few dollars in drugstores, but they can now fetch hundreds of dollars in collectors’ markets.
Reasons Not To Buy Collectibles
Just like everything else, there are inherent risks that come with buying collectibles. Some are fairly common, while others aren’t so obvious. Here’s a list of some of the reasons why you may hesitate before handing your hard-earned money over for a collectible.
Markups
When you buy a collectible from a dealerthey usually mark up the price to make a profit. Unlike collectors, dealers do not have the luxury of holding an item for years while the value may or may not increase—they have sales to make and a business to run.
Maintenance
A collectible doesn’t produce income while you hold it, and it may actually eat income while you wait for it to increase in value. There are plenty of different costs that collectors incur before they sell an item.
Many collectibles require special care to keep them in mint condition. These can range in cost from the $1 plastic cover used to keep hockey cards safe to a special room with moisture, heat, and light monitors to lengthen a painting’s life. On top of storage costs, there are the added costs of buying insurance for the more valuable types of collectibles as well as paying to have professionals, appraisers, restorers, and dealers look at the collectible before you sell it.
Wear
Most categories of collectibles—from Pokemon cards to antique plumbing fixtures—have a manual classifying how much an item is worth in pristine condition and what kind of damage degrades it by what percentage of value. For example, a well-read copy of The Amazing Spider-Man #1 may only be worth 30% to 60% of the $6,000 list pricedepending on what type and what degree of wear it shows.
Counterfeiting
Most museums display models of dinosaur fossils —not the real thing. Can you tell the difference between an Allosaurus skull made of plaster and cement versus one made of fossilized bone? No matter how experienced the appraiserforgeries do make it to the dealers, then through to the collectors. This could leave you holding a very expensive piece of criminal art.
Low Returns
Collectibles tend to have lower returns than a stock market index funda money market account, and most bond funds. If you took an average of the returns on all collectibles—which is practically impossible to do given some have little or no market to measure—it would be dismal compared to the S&P 500. Even if you took diamonds and stamps—the collectibles with the best returns—you would still find a sizable gap. A generous estimate is that stamps return 5% to 10%.
Reasons to Buy Collectibles
Sure, there may be many reasons not to buy collectibles. You won’t necessarily make a good return on your item and there’s no guarantee that anyone will actually be interested in the same thing you are. It may seem the only reason to buy them is for your own interest. But that doesn’t mean you should avoid them altogether.
Remember, people don’t invest in collectibles, they spend money on them. If they are lucky, they can sell that same object in the future and beat inflation for the period during which they owned it.
Tips on Buying and Selling Collectibles
Keep Heirlooms
It may smell like cats and tobacco, but you never know what people will pay for Uncle Harold’s snuffbox. If you have inherited antiques or collectibles from relatives, check around and see whether they are worth something before you throw them in the moldy corner of the attic. When you pay nothing for a collectible, the profit margin goes way up.
Compare and Call
If you have your eye on a collectible, take the time to call other dealers and price out similar items. Yes, there will always be “two interested buyers” coming back the next day, but you should not make snap decisions under pressure from the dealer. The best method is to browse the store and call the dealer when you get home. You’ll think more clearly and have fewer regrets in the end. If possible, purchase from other collectors (better yet, trade). They will be less likely to markup items because they will assume you have the same pricing guide they do.
Ask for a Written Guarantee
If a collectible is really an “unbelievable buy” with “several interested buyers,” ask the seller to write a buy-back guarantee for an agreed period of time. After all, the dealer can buy it back at the same price and then sell it again to all those interested buyers banging on the windows.
Use the Resources Available and Do Your Own Research
Pick up Kovels’ Guide To Selling, Buying And Fixing Your Antiques And Collectibles (or any of the other guides written by Ralph and Terry Kovel) or another collectibles publication and read up on the items you want. The literature will show you the pricing guides as well as how to care for your collectibles and what kind of markets to buy and sell them in.
Consider Collectibles Insurance
Keeping in mind the risks associated with owning valuable items, it may be worthwhile to purchase collectibles insurance. These policies protect your collection from potential mishaps such as accidental breakage, theft, flood, and other types of loss. While this type of protection may be essential for owners of priceless items, your collection does not need to be worth millions to be worth insuring.
The Bottom Line
There are more reliable ways to hedge against inflation. A collectible is an somethingtaxed investment that produces no income and can lose its value if you drop it. If you are going to buy one, make sure it is one you will be happy to own forever, rather than counting on some big money sale in the future.